[229] **"We shall train in seclusion":** *seclusion* (viveka) — there are three seclusions: bodily seclusion (kāyaviveka), mental seclusion (cittaviveka), and seclusion from acquisitions (upadhiviveka).
What is bodily seclusion? Here a **bhikkhu** resorts to a secluded lodging — a forest, the root of a tree, a mountain, a gorge, a hill cave, a charnel ground, a jungle thicket, the open air, a heap of straw — and he dwells secluded in body. He goes alone, stands alone, sits alone, lies down alone, enters the village for alms alone, returns alone, sits alone in a private place, determines upon walking meditation alone; alone he wanders, dwells, moves about, conducts himself, protects himself, keeps himself, maintains himself. This is bodily seclusion.
What is mental seclusion? For one who has attained the first jhāna, the **mind (citta)** is secluded from the **hindrances (nīvaraṇa)**; for one who has attained the second jhāna, the mind is secluded from thought and examination (vitakka-vicāra); for one who has attained the third jhāna, the mind is secluded from **rapture**; for one who has attained the fourth jhāna, the mind is secluded from pleasure and pain; for one who has attained the Sphere of Infinity of Space, the mind is secluded from the **perception** of form, the perception of impingement, and the perception of diversity; for one who has attained the Sphere of Infinity of Consciousness, the mind is secluded from the perception of the Sphere of Infinity of Space; for one who has attained the Sphere of Nothingness, the mind is secluded from the perception of the Sphere of Infinity of Consciousness; for one who has attained the Sphere of Neither Perception Nor Non-Perception, the mind is secluded from the perception of the Sphere of Nothingness. For the Stream-Enterer, the mind is secluded from personality-view (sakkāyadiṭṭhi), **doubt (vicikicchā)**, adherence to rules and observances (sīlabbataparāmāsa), the latent tendency of views, the latent tendency of doubt, and from the defilements standing in the same place as these. For the Once-Returner, the mind is secluded from the gross **fetter** of sensual lust and the fetter of repulsion, from the gross latent tendency of sensual lust and the latent tendency of repulsion, and from the defilements standing in the same place as these. For the Non-Returner, the mind is secluded from the subtle residual fetter of sensual lust and fetter of repulsion, from the subtle residual latent tendency of sensual lust and latent tendency of repulsion, and from the defilements standing in the same place as these. For the Arahant, the mind is secluded from lust for form, lust for the formless, conceit (māna), restlessness, **ignorance (avijjā)**, the latent tendency of conceit, the latent tendency of lust for existence, the latent tendency of ignorance, from the defilements standing in the same place as these, and, externally, from all signs (nimitta). This is mental seclusion.
What is seclusion from acquisitions? *Acquisitions* (upadhi) are said to be the defilements, the **aggregates (khandha)**, and volitional formations (abhisaṅkhāra). Seclusion from acquisitions is said to be the deathless, **Nibbāna**: that which is the stilling of all formations, the relinquishment of all acquisitions, the destruction of **craving (taṇhā)**, dispassion, **cessation (nirodha)**, Nibbāna. This is seclusion from acquisitions.
And bodily seclusion is for those whose bodies are withdrawn, who delight in renunciation (nekkhamma); mental seclusion is for those of purified mind who have attained supreme cleansing; seclusion from acquisitions is for persons without acquisitions, who have gone to the unconditioned (visaṅkhāra).
**"We shall train in seclusion":** that elder was by nature one whose training was already trained; but moreover, requesting a teaching of the Dhamma, he spoke thus: "We shall train in seclusion." Therefore the elder Tissa Metteyya said:
> "Tell, dear sir (mārisa), of the distress
> of one addicted to sexual intercourse
> (thus said the venerable Tissa Metteyya);
> having heard your instruction,
> we shall train in seclusion."
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.