[518] **Having seen people being afflicted with regard to forms** — herein, "forms" (rūpesu) means the four primary elements (mahābhūta) and the form derived from the four primary elements (upādāyarūpa). Beings, with form as cause, with form as condition, with form as reason, are struck down, afflicted, injured, and slain. When form exists, they inflict punishments of many kinds: they flog with whips, they beat with canes, they beat with cudgels; they cut off the hand, they cut off the foot, they cut off both hand and foot; they cut off the ear, they cut off the nose, they cut off both ear and nose; they inflict the "porridge pot," they inflict the "polished-shell shave," they inflict "Rāhu's mouth," they inflict the "fiery wreath," they inflict the "flaming hand," they inflict the "blades of grass," they inflict the "bark dress," they inflict the "antelope," they inflict the "meat hooks," they inflict the "coins," they inflict the "lye pickling," they inflict the "pivoting pin," they inflict the "rolled-up straw mat"; they douse with boiling oil, they have people devoured by dogs, they impale them alive on stakes, and they cut off the head with a sword. Thus beings, with form as cause, with form as condition, with form as reason, are struck down, afflicted, injured, and slain. Having seen, having beheld, having weighed, having judged, having made clear, and having made evident those who are thus struck down and afflicted — therefore it is said: "having seen people being afflicted with regard to forms."
**"Piṅgiya," said the Blessed One** — "Piṅgiya": the Blessed One addresses that brahmin by name. "Blessed One" (Bhagavā): this is a term of reverence … namely, "Blessed One." Therefore: "'Piṅgiya,' said the Blessed One."
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.