[20] It should be directly known that arising (uppāda) is suffering (dukkha), non-arising is happiness; it should be directly known that occurrence (pavatta) is suffering, non-occurrence is happiness; it should be directly known that the sign (nimitta) is suffering, the signless is happiness; it should be directly known that accumulation (āyūhanā) is suffering, non-accumulation is happiness; it should be directly known that rebirth-linking (paṭisandhi) is suffering, absence of rebirth-linking is happiness; it should be directly known that destination (gati) is suffering, absence of destination is happiness; it should be directly known that production (nibbatti) is suffering, non-production is happiness; it should be directly known that reappearance (upapatti) is suffering, non-reappearance is happiness; it should be directly known that birth (jāti) is suffering, non-birth is happiness; it should be directly known that aging (jarā) is suffering, non-aging is happiness; it should be directly known that illness (byādhi) is suffering, absence of illness is happiness; it should be directly known that death (maraṇa) is suffering, the Deathless (amata) is happiness; it should be directly known that sorrow (soka) is suffering, absence of sorrow is happiness; it should be directly known that lamentation (parideva) is suffering, absence of lamentation is happiness; it should be directly known that despair (upāyāsa) is suffering, absence of despair is happiness.
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.