[224] Bhikkhus, a cowherd possessing eleven factors is incapable of maintaining a herd of cattle and making it grow. Which eleven? Here, bhikkhus, a cowherd is not one who knows forms; he is not skilled in characteristics; he is not one who removes flies' eggs; he is not one who covers wounds; he is not one who makes smoke; he does not know the ford; he does not know what has been drunk; he does not know the road; he is not skilled in pastures; he is one who milks dry, leaving nothing; and those bulls who are the fathers and leaders of the herd — he is not one who honours them with special honour. Bhikkhus, a cowherd possessing these eleven factors is incapable of maintaining a herd of cattle and making it grow. In just the same way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu possessing eleven qualities is incapable of attaining growth, increase, and abundance in this Dhamma and Discipline. Which eleven? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not one who knows forms; he is not skilled in characteristics; he is not one who removes flies' eggs; he is not one who covers wounds; he is not one who makes smoke; he does not know the ford; he does not know what has been drunk; he does not know the road; he is not skilled in pastures; he is one who milks dry, leaving nothing; and those bhikkhus who are elders, of long standing, long gone forth, fathers of the Saṅgha, leaders of the Saṅgha — he is not one who honours them with special honour.
And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu not one who knows forms? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not understand as it really is (yathābhūta) that whatever form (rūpa) there is, is the four great elements (mahābhūta) and form derived from the four great elements. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not one who knows forms.
And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu not skilled in characteristics? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not understand as it really is that the fool is characterized by action, the wise man is characterized by action. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not skilled in characteristics.
And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu not one who removes flies' eggs? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu tolerates an arisen thought of sensuality (kāmavitakka); he does not abandon it, does not dispel it, does not put an end to it, does not bring it to non-existence. He tolerates an arisen thought of ill will (byāpādavitakka) ... an arisen thought of harming (vihiṃsāvitakka) ... he tolerates evil, unwholesome states whenever they arise; he does not abandon them, does not dispel them, does not put an end to them, does not bring them to non-existence. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not one who removes flies' eggs.
And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu not one who covers wounds? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, having seen a form with the eye, grasps at its signs (nimitta) and secondary features (anubyañjana). Although, when he dwells with the eye faculty unrestrained, evil, unwholesome states of covetousness and grief (abhijjhā-domanassa) might flow in upon him, he does not practise for its restraint; he does not guard the eye faculty; he does not attain restraint regarding the eye faculty. Having heard a sound with the ear ... having smelt an odour with the nose ... having tasted a flavour with the tongue ... having touched a tangible with the body ... having cognized a mental phenomenon with the mind, he grasps at its signs and secondary features. Although, when he dwells with the mind faculty unrestrained, evil, unwholesome states of covetousness and grief might flow in upon him, he does not practise for its restraint; he does not guard the mind faculty; he does not attain restraint regarding the mind faculty. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not one who covers wounds.
And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu not one who makes smoke? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not one who teaches the Dhamma to others in detail as he has heard it and as he has learned it. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not one who makes smoke.
And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu not know the ford? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not from time to time approach those bhikkhus who are learned, to whom the collections have come down, bearers of the Dhamma, bearers of the Discipline, bearers of the summaries (mātikā), and does not inquire and question them: "Venerable sir, how is this? What is the meaning of this?" Those venerable ones do not disclose to him what has not been disclosed, do not clarify what has not been clarified, and do not dispel his doubt about the many things that are grounds for doubt. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not know the ford.
And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu not know what has been drunk? Here, bhikkhus, when the Dhamma and Discipline proclaimed by the Tathāgata is being taught, a bhikkhu does not gain inspiration in the meaning, does not gain inspiration in the Dhamma, does not gain gladness connected with the Dhamma. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not know what has been drunk.
And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu not know the road? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not understand as it really is the noble eightfold path (magga). Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not know the road.
And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu not skilled in pastures? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not understand as they really are the four establishments of mindfulness (satipaṭṭhāna). Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not skilled in pastures.
And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu one who milks dry, leaving nothing? Here, bhikkhus, faithful householders invite a bhikkhu to take freely of robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicinal requisites for the sick; in that regard, bhikkhus, the bhikkhu does not know moderation in accepting. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is one who milks dry, leaving nothing.
And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu not one who honours with special honour those bhikkhus who are elders, of long standing, long gone forth, fathers of the Saṅgha, leaders of the Saṅgha? Here, bhikkhus, towards those bhikkhus who are elders, of long standing, long gone forth, fathers of the Saṅgha, leaders of the Saṅgha, a bhikkhu does not maintain bodily acts of loving-kindness, both openly and in private; he does not maintain verbal acts of loving-kindness ... does not maintain mental acts of loving-kindness, both openly and in private. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is not one who honours with special honour those bhikkhus who are elders, of long standing, long gone forth, fathers of the Saṅgha, leaders of the Saṅgha. Bhikkhus, a bhikkhu possessing these eleven qualities is incapable of attaining growth, increase, and abundance in this Dhamma and Discipline.
Bhikkhus, a cowherd possessing eleven factors is capable of maintaining a herd of cattle and making it grow. Which eleven? Here, bhikkhus, a cowherd is one who knows forms; he is skilled in characteristics; he is one who removes flies' eggs; he is one who covers wounds; he is one who makes smoke; he knows the ford; he knows what has been drunk; he knows the road; he is skilled in pastures; he is one who milks leaving some remaining; and those bulls who are the fathers and leaders of the herd — he is one who honours them with special honour. Bhikkhus, a cowherd possessing these eleven factors is capable of maintaining a herd of cattle and making it grow. In just the same way, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu possessing eleven qualities is capable of attaining growth, increase, and abundance in this Dhamma and Discipline. Which eleven? Here, a bhikkhu is one who knows forms; he is skilled in characteristics; he is one who removes flies' eggs; he is one who covers wounds; he is one who makes smoke; he knows the ford; he knows what has been drunk; he knows the road; he is skilled in pastures; he is one who milks leaving some remaining; and those bhikkhus who are elders, of long standing, long gone forth, fathers of the Saṅgha, leaders of the Saṅgha — he is one who honours them with special honour.
And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu one who knows forms? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands as it really is that whatever form there is, is the four great elements and form derived from the four great elements. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is one who knows forms. And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu skilled in characteristics? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands as it really is that the fool is characterized by action, the wise man is characterized by action. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is skilled in characteristics. And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu one who removes flies' eggs? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu does not tolerate an arisen thought of sensuality; he abandons it, dispels it, puts an end to it, brings it to non-existence. He does not tolerate an arisen thought of ill will ... an arisen thought of harming ... he does not tolerate evil, unwholesome states whenever they arise; he abandons them, dispels them, puts an end to them, brings them to non-existence. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is one who removes flies' eggs. And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu one who covers wounds? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu, having seen a form with the eye, does not grasp at its signs or secondary features. Since, when he dwells with the eye faculty unrestrained, evil, unwholesome states of covetousness and grief might flow in upon him, he practises for its restraint; he guards the eye faculty; he attains restraint regarding the eye faculty. Having heard a sound with the ear ... having smelt an odour with the nose ... having tasted a flavour with the tongue ... having touched a tangible with the body ... having cognized a mental phenomenon with the mind, he does not grasp at its signs or secondary features. Since, when he dwells with the mind faculty unrestrained, evil, unwholesome states of covetousness and grief might flow in upon him, he practises for its restraint; he guards the mind faculty; he attains restraint regarding the mind faculty. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is one who covers wounds. And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu one who makes smoke? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is one who teaches the Dhamma to others in detail as he has heard it and as he has learned it. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is one who makes smoke. And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu know the ford? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu from time to time approaches those bhikkhus who are learned, to whom the collections have come down, bearers of the Dhamma, bearers of the Discipline, bearers of the summaries, and inquires of them: "Venerable sir, how is this? What is the meaning of this?" Those venerable ones disclose to him what has not been disclosed, clarify what has not been clarified, and dispel and drive out his doubt about the many things that are grounds for doubt. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu knows the ford. And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu know what has been drunk? Here, bhikkhus, when the Dhamma and Discipline proclaimed by the Tathāgata is being taught, a bhikkhu gains inspiration in the meaning, gains inspiration in the Dhamma, gains gladness connected with the Dhamma. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu knows what has been drunk. And how, bhikkhus, does a bhikkhu know the road? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands as it really is the noble eightfold path. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu knows the road. And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu skilled in pastures? Here, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu understands as they really are the four establishments of mindfulness. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is skilled in pastures. And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu one who milks leaving some remaining? Here, bhikkhus, faithful householders invite a bhikkhu to take freely of robes, almsfood, lodgings, and medicinal requisites for the sick; in that regard the bhikkhu knows moderation in accepting. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is one who milks leaving some remaining. And how, bhikkhus, is a bhikkhu one who honours with special honour those bhikkhus who are elders, of long standing, long gone forth, fathers of the Saṅgha, leaders of the Saṅgha? Here, bhikkhus, towards those bhikkhus who are elders, of long standing, long gone forth, fathers of the Saṅgha, leaders of the Saṅgha, a bhikkhu maintains bodily acts of loving-kindness, both openly and in private; he maintains verbal acts of loving-kindness ... maintains mental acts of loving-kindness, both openly and in private. Thus, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu is one who honours with special honour those bhikkhus who are elders, of long standing, long gone forth, fathers of the Saṅgha, leaders of the Saṅgha. Bhikkhus, a bhikkhu possessing these eleven qualities is capable of attaining growth, increase, and abundance in this Dhamma and Discipline.
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.