[42] **"The ungenerous (avadāniyā), they are settled in the unrighteous"** — *Avadāniyā*: they are called *avadāniyā* also because "they go downward (avaṃ gacchanti)."¹ The stingy, too, are called *avadāniyā*. Those who do not heed the word, the utterance, the teaching, the instruction of the Buddhas and of the Buddhas' disciples² are called *avadāniyā*.
How are they *avadāniyā* in the sense that they go downward? "They go downward": they go to hell, they go to the animal realm, they go to the realm of hungry ghosts — thus "they go downward," and so they are *avadāniyā*.
How are the stingy called *avadāniyā*? There are five kinds of stinginess (macchariya): stinginess as to dwelling, stinginess as to family, stinginess as to gain, stinginess as to praise, stinginess as to Dhamma. Whatever stinginess of such a kind there is — the act of being stingy, the state of stinginess, avarice, meanness, tight-fistedness, the mind's lack of open-handedness — this is called stinginess. Moreover, stinginess regarding the aggregates is also stinginess; stinginess regarding the elements (dhātu) is also stinginess; stinginess regarding the sense bases (āyatana) is also stinginess. Grasping — this is called stinginess. People possessed of this stinginess and of ungenerosity are negligent; thus the stingy are called *avadāniyā*.
How are they *avadāniyā* in that they do not heed the word, the utterance, the teaching, the instruction of the Buddhas and of the Buddhas' disciples? They do not heed the word, the utterance, the teaching, the instruction of the Buddhas and of the Buddhas' disciples; they do not wish to listen, they do not lend an ear, they do not apply their minds to understanding; they are disobedient, they do not act upon what is said, they behave contrarily, they turn their faces the other way. Thus, not heeding the word, the utterance, the teaching, the instruction of the Buddhas and of the Buddhas' disciples, they are *avadāniyā*.
**"They are settled in the unrighteous"**: they are settled in unrighteous bodily action, settled in unrighteous verbal action, settled in unrighteous mental action, settled in the unrighteous killing of living beings, settled in unrighteous taking of what is not given, settled in unrighteous sexual misconduct, settled in unrighteous false speech, settled in unrighteous divisive speech, settled in unrighteous harsh speech, settled in unrighteous frivolous talk, settled in unrighteous covetousness, settled in unrighteous ill will, settled in unrighteous wrong view, settled in unrighteous volitional formations, settled in the unrighteous five cords of sensual pleasure, settled in the unrighteous five hindrances (nīvaraṇa); in unrighteous volition, in unrighteous aspiration, in unrighteous longing they are settled, established, attached, drawn near, clung to, resolved upon, stuck fast, adhering, and entangled. Hence: "the ungenerous, they are settled in the unrighteous."
¹ Variant (M): *avagacchantītipi*. ² Variant (P, M): *sāvakānaṃ* ("of the disciples").
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.