[698] "Not formulating, not abstaining, not longing," said the Blessed One (na kappiyo nūparato na patthiyo ti bhagavā). Formulation (kappa): there are two formulations — formulation through craving (taṇhā) and formulation through views … this is formulation through craving … this is formulation through views. For him the formulation through craving has been abandoned, the formulation through views relinquished; because the formulation through craving has been abandoned and the formulation through views relinquished, he does not formulate either the formulation through craving or the formulation through views — he does not generate it, does not engender it, does not produce it, does not bring it forth. Hence "not formulating."
"Not abstaining": all foolish worldlings are impassioned; the seven trainees (sekha), taking the good worldling as the starting point, desist, abstain, and refrain for the sake of reaching what has not been reached, for attaining what has not been attained, for realizing what has not been realized. The Arahant has desisted, abstained, refrained; he has gone out, is relinquished, fully released, detached; he would dwell with a mind (citta) rid of boundaries. Hence "not formulating, not abstaining."
"Not longing": longing (patthanā) is a term for craving — that lust, passion … covetousness, greed, the unwholesome root. He in whom this longing has been abandoned, cut off, stilled, allayed, rendered incapable of arising again, burnt up by the fire of knowledge (ñāṇa) — he is called "not longing."
"Bhagavā": this is a term of reverence. Moreover: he has broken greed, thus he is the Bhagavā; he has broken hatred, thus he is the Bhagavā; he has broken delusion, thus he is the Bhagavā; he has broken conceit, thus he is the Bhagavā; he has broken views, thus he is the Bhagavā; he has broken the barb, thus he is the Bhagavā; he has broken the defilements, thus he is the Bhagavā. He shared out, divided, and distributed the jewel of the Dhamma, thus he is the Bhagavā. He is the maker of an end of existences, thus he is the Bhagavā. He is developed in body, thus he is the Bhagavā; he is developed in virtue, developed in mind, developed in wisdom, thus he is the Bhagavā.
Or: the Blessed One resorted (bhaji) to remote lodgings in forests and woodland thickets, of little sound, of little noise, with an atmosphere free of people, fit for humans' seclusion, suitable for retreat — thus he is the Bhagavā.
Or: the Blessed One is a partaker (bhāgī) of robes, almsfood, lodgings, and the requisite of medicines for the sick — thus he is the Bhagavā.
Or: the Blessed One is a partaker of the taste of the goal, the taste of the Dhamma, the taste of liberation, of the higher virtue, the higher mind, and the higher wisdom — thus he is the Bhagavā.
Or: the Blessed One is a partaker of the four jhānas, the four boundless states, and the four formless attainments — thus he is the Bhagavā.
Or: the Blessed One is a partaker of the eight liberations, the eight bases of mastery, and the nine attainments of successive dwellings — thus he is the Bhagavā.
Or: the Blessed One is a partaker of the ten developments of perception, the ten kasiṇa attainments, the concentration (samādhi) of mindfulness of breathing (ānāpānasati), and the attainment of [the contemplation of] foulness — thus he is the Bhagavā.
Or: the Blessed One is a partaker of the four establishments of mindfulness (satipaṭṭhāna), the four right exertions, the four bases of spiritual power, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven factors of awakening (bojjhaṅga), and the noble eightfold path (magga) — thus he is the Bhagavā.
Or: the Blessed One is a partaker of the ten Tathāgata powers, the four grounds of self-confidence, the four analytic insights, the six superknowledges, and the six Buddha-qualities — thus he is the Bhagavā.
"Bhagavā": this name was not made by a mother, not made by a father, not made by a brother, not made by a sister, not made by friends and companions, not made by kinsmen and blood relations, not made by ascetics and brahmins, not made by deities. This name pertains to the culmination of liberation; it is a designation born of realization on the part of the Buddhas, the Blessed Ones, at the foot of the Bodhi tree together with the obtaining of the knowledge of omniscience — namely, "Bhagavā." Hence "not formulating, not abstaining, not longing," said the Blessed One.
Therefore the Blessed One said:
He, disarmed amid all dhammas —
whatever is seen or heard or sensed —
that sage (muni), his burden laid down, fully released,
is not formulating, not abstaining, not longing,
said the Blessed One.
The Thirteenth, the Exposition of the Mahāviyūha Sutta, is concluded.
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The Fourteenth: the Exposition of the Tuvaṭaka Sutta
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.