[933] **Human contacts and four-footed beasts (manussaphassānaṃ catuppadānaṃ):** "human contacts" (manussaphassa) refers to thieves, or to ruffians (māṇavā) who have either committed the deed or have not committed the deed. They might ask a bhikkhu a question, or raise a dispute against him; they might abuse him, revile him, anger him, provoke him, harm him, injure him, harass him, oppress him, kill him, slay him, or make an attempt on his life. Whatever harm comes from a human being — that is "human contact."
**Four-footed beasts (catuppadānaṃ):** lions, tigers, leopards, bears and hyenas, wolves, cattle and buffaloes, elephants. They might trample a bhikkhu, devour him, harm him, injure him, harass him, oppress him, kill him, slay him, or make an attempt on his life. Whatever harm comes from a four-footed beast, whatever fear of four-footed beasts there may be — such is "human contacts and four-footed beasts." Therefore the Blessed One said:
"A wise bhikkhu, mindful, wandering within bounds,
should not fear the five fears:
gadflies and flying insects, creeping creatures,
human contacts, and four-footed beasts."
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.