Dhotakamāṇavakapañhāniddesa

Suttapiṭaka · Khuddakanikāya · Cūḷaniddesa · Vol. 30 · Section 214

[214] **"I see the Deva in the world of humans" (passāmahaṃ deva manussaloke):** "devas" — there are three kinds of devas: conventional devas (sammatidevā), devas by rebirth (upapattidevā), and devas by purification (visuddhidevā). Which are the conventional devas? Kings, princes, and queens are called conventional devas. Which are the devas by rebirth? The devas of the realm of the Four Great Kings (Cātummahārājikā), the Tāvatiṃsa devas, the Yāma devas, the Tusita devas, the Nimmānaratī devas, the Paranimmitavasavattī devas, the devas of Brahmā's retinue, and whatever devas are above these — these are called devas by rebirth. Which are the devas by purification? The disciples of the Tathāgata who are arahants with taints (āsava) destroyed, and the Paccekasambuddhas — these are called devas by purification. Of conventional devas, of devas by rebirth, and of devas by purification, the Blessed One is the Deva, the Deva beyond (atideva), the Deva beyond devas (devātideva); the lion of lions, the nāga of nāgas, the leader of leaders, the sage of sages, the king of kings. **"I see the Deva in the world of humans":** in the world of humans I see the Deva, I see the Deva beyond, I see the Deva beyond devas; I see, I behold, I look upon, I contemplate, I examine. Hence: "I see the Deva in the world of humans."

English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.