[18] It should be directly known (abhiññeyyaṃ) that arising (uppāda) is suffering (dukkha); it should be directly known that occurrence (pavatta) is suffering; it should be directly known that the sign (nimitta) is suffering; it should be directly known that accumulation (āyuhanā) is suffering; it should be directly known that rebirth-linking (paṭisandhi) is suffering; it should be directly known that destination (gati) is suffering; it should be directly known that production (nibbatti) is suffering; it should be directly known that re-arising (upapatti) is suffering; it should be directly known that birth (jāti) is suffering; it should be directly known that aging (jarā) is suffering; it should be directly known that illness (byādhi) is suffering; it should be directly known that death (maraṇa) is suffering; it should be directly known that sorrow (soka) is suffering; it should be directly known that lamentation (parideva) is suffering; it should be directly known that despair (upāyāsa) is suffering.
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.