[460] When an ordinary person (puthujjana) is developing concentration (samādhi)¹, in what seven ways is he skilled in establishment (upaṭṭhāna)?
Through having adverted (āvajjitattā), he is skilled in the establishment of the object (ārammaṇa); he is skilled in the establishment of the sign of serenity (samathanimitta); he is skilled in the establishment of the sign of exertion (paggahanimitta); he is skilled in the establishment of non-distraction (avikkhepa); he is skilled in the establishment of illumination (obhāsa); he is skilled in the establishment of gladdening (sampahaṃsana); he is skilled in the establishment of equanimity. An ordinary person developing concentration is skilled in establishment in these seven ways.
When a trainee (sekha) is developing concentration, in what eight ways is he skilled in establishment?
Through having adverted, he is skilled in the establishment of the object; he is skilled in the establishment of the sign of serenity; he is skilled in the establishment of the sign of exertion; he is skilled in the establishment of non-distraction; he is skilled in the establishment of illumination; he is skilled in the establishment of gladdening; he is skilled in the establishment of equanimity; he is skilled in the establishment of unity (ekatta). A trainee developing concentration is skilled in establishment in these eight ways.
When one devoid of lust (vītarāga) is developing concentration, in what ten ways is he skilled in establishment?
Through having adverted, he is skilled in the establishment of the object … he is skilled in the establishment of unity; he is skilled in the establishment of knowledge (ñāṇa); he is skilled in the establishment of mind (citta). One devoid of lust developing concentration is skilled in establishment in these ten ways.
¹ The Yu (European) edition reads *bhāvayanto* [for *bhāvento*]; so too below.
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.