[615] "The wheel of Dhamma (dhammacakka)": in what sense is it the wheel of Dhamma?
He sets in motion both the Dhamma and the wheel — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. He sets in motion both the wheel and the Dhamma — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. He sets it in motion by means of the Dhamma — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. He sets it in motion by righteous conduct (dhammacariyā) — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Standing in the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Established in the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Establishing others in the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Having attained mastery in the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Bringing others to mastery in the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Having attained perfection (pāramī) in the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Bringing others to perfection in the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Having attained intrepidity (vesārajja) in the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Bringing others to intrepidity in the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Honoring the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Respecting the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Esteeming the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Venerating the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Paying homage to the Dhamma, he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Having the Dhamma as his banner (dhammaddhaja), he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Having the Dhamma as his standard (dhammaketu), he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. With the Dhamma as sovereign (dhammādhipateyya), he sets it in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. And that wheel of Dhamma cannot be turned back by any ascetic or brahmin, by any deva, by Māra, by Brahmā, or by anyone in the world — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma.
The faith faculty (saddhindriya) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The energy faculty (vīriyindriya) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The mindfulness faculty (satindriya) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The concentration faculty (samādhindriya) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The wisdom faculty (paññindriya) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma.
The power of faith (saddhābala) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The power of energy is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The power of mindfulness is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The power of concentration is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The power of wisdom is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma.
The mindfulness factor of awakening (satisambojjhaṅga) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The investigation-of-dhammas factor of awakening is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The energy factor of awakening is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The rapture factor of awakening is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The tranquility factor of awakening is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The concentration factor of awakening is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The equanimity factor of awakening is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma.
Right view (sammādiṭṭhi) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Right thought (sammāsaṅkappa) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Right speech (sammāvācā) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Right action (sammākammanta) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Right livelihood (sammā-ājīva) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Right effort (sammāvāyāma) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Right mindfulness (sammāsati) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Right concentration (sammāsamādhi) is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma.
The faculties (indriya), in the sense of dominance, are Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The powers (bala), in the sense of unshakability, are Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The factors of awakening (bojjhaṅga), in the sense of leading out, are Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The path (magga), in the sense of being a cause, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The establishments of mindfulness (satipaṭṭhāna), in the sense of establishing, are Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The right exertions (sammappadhāna), in the sense of exerting, are Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The bases of success (iddhipāda), in the sense of succeeding, are Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. The truths (sacca), in the sense of suchness, are Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Serenity (samatha), in the sense of non-distraction, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Insight (vipassanā), in the sense of contemplation, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Serenity-and-insight, in the sense of single function, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Coupling (yuganaddha), in the sense of not overrunning one another, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Purification of virtue (sīlavisuddhi), in the sense of restraint, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Purification of mind (cittavisuddhi), in the sense of non-distraction, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Purification of view (diṭṭhivisuddhi), in the sense of seeing, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Liberation (vimokkha), in the sense of being freed, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. True knowledge (vijjā), in the sense of penetration, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Deliverance (vimutti), in the sense of relinquishing, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Knowledge (ñāṇa) of destruction, in the sense of cutting off, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Knowledge of non-arising, in the sense of subsiding, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Zeal (chanda), in the sense of being the root, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Attention (manasikāra), in the sense of origination, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Contact (phassa), in the sense of combining, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Feeling (vedanā), in the sense of convergence, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Concentration (samādhi), in the sense of being foremost, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Mindfulness (sati), in the sense of dominance, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Wisdom (paññā), in the sense of surpassing that, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Deliverance, in the sense of being the essence, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma. Nibbāna, which merges in the deathless (amatogadha), in the sense of being the conclusion, is Dhamma; he sets that Dhamma in motion — thus it is the wheel of Dhamma.
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.