[445] Bhikkhus, a teacher (ācariya) should conduct himself properly toward his pupil (antevāsika). Herein, this is the proper conduct:
Bhikkhus, the pupil should be furthered and assisted by the teacher with recitation (uddesa), interrogation (paripucchā), exhortation (ovāda), and instruction (anusāsanī). If the teacher has a bowl and the pupil has no bowl, the teacher should give the pupil a bowl, or effort should be made, thinking, "How now might a bowl be obtained for the pupil?" If the teacher has a robe and the pupil has no robe, the teacher should give the pupil a robe, or effort should be made, thinking, "How now might a robe be obtained for the pupil?" If the teacher has a requisite (parikkhāra) and the pupil has no requisite, the teacher should give the pupil a requisite, or effort should be made, thinking, "How now might a requisite be obtained for the pupil?" If the pupil is ill, rising early [the teacher] should give tooth-wood and water for rinsing the mouth, and prepare a seat. If there is conjey (yāgu), having washed a vessel, the conjey should be brought to him. When he has drunk the conjey, having given water, having received the vessel, holding it low, it should be washed properly without scraping and put away. When the pupil has risen, the seat should be taken up. If that place is littered, that place should be swept.
If the pupil wishes to enter the village, the inner robe should be given and the spare inner robe received in exchange; the waistband should be given; having folded them double, the outer robes (saṅghāṭi) should be given; having rinsed it, the bowl should be given with water in it. Thinking, "By about this time he will return," a seat should be prepared; water for the feet, a footstool, and a foot-scraper should be set out nearby; going to meet him, his bowl and robe should be received; the spare inner robe should be given and the inner robe received. If the robe is damp, it should be dried in the warmth for a short while, but the robe should not be left lying in the heat. The robe should be folded; one folding the robe should fold it after offsetting the corners by four finger-breadths, thinking, "May there be no crease in the middle." The waistband should be placed in the fold of the robe.
If there is almsfood, and the pupil wishes to eat, having given water, the almsfood should be brought to him. The pupil should be asked about drinking water. When he has eaten, having given water, having received the bowl, holding it low, it should be washed properly without scraping; having drained off the water, it should be dried in the warmth for a short while, but the bowl should not be left lying in the heat. The bowl and robe should be put away. When putting away the bowl … when putting away the robe … having placed the edge on the far side and the fold on the near side, the robe should be put away. When the pupil has risen, the seat should be taken up; the water for the feet, the footstool, and the foot-scraper should be put away. If that place is littered, that place should be swept.
If the pupil wishes to bathe, a bath should be prepared. If there is need of cold water, cold should be prepared; if there is need of hot water, hot should be prepared. If the pupil wishes to enter the bathhouse (jantāghara), bath-powder should be kneaded and clay moistened; taking the bathhouse stool and going, having given him the bathhouse stool, having received his robe, it should be laid to one side; the powder should be given and the clay should be given. If he is able, [the teacher] should enter the bathhouse. When entering the bathhouse, having smeared the face with clay and covered himself both in front and behind, he should enter the bathhouse. He should not sit down encroaching upon the elder bhikkhus, nor should the newer bhikkhus be kept from a seat. In the bathhouse, service should be rendered to the pupil. When leaving the bathhouse, taking the bathhouse stool, having covered himself both in front and behind, he should leave the bathhouse. In the water, too, service should be rendered to the pupil. When he has bathed, having come out of the water first, having dried his own body and put on his inner robe, the water should be wiped from the pupil's body; the inner robe should be given, the saṅghāṭi should be given; taking the bathhouse stool and coming back first, a seat should be prepared; water for the feet, a footstool, and a foot-scraper should be set out nearby; the pupil should be asked about drinking water. In whatever dwelling the pupil dwells, if that dwelling is littered, if [the teacher] is able, it should be cleaned. When cleaning the dwelling, having first taken out the bowl and robe, they should be laid to one side … If there is no water in the rinsing-pot, water should be poured into the rinsing-pot.
If discontent has arisen in the pupil, the teacher should dispel it or have it dispelled, or a talk on the Dhamma should be given to him. If remorse (kukkucca) has arisen in the pupil, the teacher should dispel it or have it dispelled, or a talk on the Dhamma should be given to him. If a wrong view (diṭṭhigata) has arisen in the pupil, the teacher should dissuade him from it or have him dissuaded, or a talk on the Dhamma should be given to him.
If the pupil has committed a grave offense (garudhamma) and deserves probation (parivāsa), the teacher should make an effort, thinking, "How now might the Saṅgha grant the pupil probation?" If the pupil deserves being sent back to the beginning (mūlāya paṭikassanā), the teacher should make an effort, thinking, "How now might the Saṅgha send the pupil back to the beginning?" If the pupil deserves penance (mānatta), the teacher should make an effort, thinking, "How now might the Saṅgha grant the pupil penance?" If the pupil deserves rehabilitation (abbhāna), the teacher should make an effort, thinking, "How now might the Saṅgha rehabilitate the pupil?" If the Saṅgha wishes to carry out a formal act against the pupil — one of censure (tajjanīya), demotion (niyassa), banishment (pabbājanīya), reconciliation (paṭisāraṇīya), or suspension (ukkhepanīya) — the teacher should make an effort, thinking, "How now might the Saṅgha not carry out the act against the pupil, or convert it to a lighter one?" But if a formal act — one of censure, demotion, banishment, reconciliation, or suspension — has been carried out against him by the Saṅgha, the teacher should make an effort, thinking, "How now might the pupil conduct himself properly, be subdued, and behave so as to merit release, so that the Saṅgha might revoke that act?"
If the pupil's robe needs to be washed, the teacher should explain, "You should wash it thus," or effort should be made, thinking, "How now might the pupil's robe be washed?" If a robe needs to be made for the pupil, the teacher should explain, "You should make it thus," or effort should be made, thinking, "How now might the pupil's robe be made?" If dye needs to be boiled for the pupil, the teacher should explain, "You should boil it thus," or effort should be made, thinking, "How now might the pupil's dye be boiled?" If the pupil's robe needs to be dyed, the teacher should explain, "You should dye it thus," or effort should be made, thinking, "How now might the pupil's robe be dyed?" When dyeing the robe, it should be dyed, turning it over properly again and again, and one should not go away while the drips have not ceased.
If the pupil is ill, he should be attended as long as life lasts; his recovery should be awaited.
This, bhikkhus, is the duty (vatta) of teachers toward pupils, whereby teachers should conduct themselves properly toward pupils.
The Vattakkhandhaka, the eighth, is finished.
In this khandhaka there are nineteen cases and fourteen duties.
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The summary thereof:
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.