[446] (Summary Verses — uddāna)
With sandals on and umbrellas [raised], heads covered, [robes borne on] the head, [feet washed with] drinking water;
they did not pay homage, they did not ask; a snake [fell down]; the well-behaved [bhikkhus] complained.
He should take off [sandals], the umbrella, and [the robe] on the shoulder, and, unhurried, approach;
lay aside bowl and robe, and having asked, [take] a suitable [seat];
he should pour [water for the feet], and [wipe] the sandals with a dry [cloth] and then a wet one;
he should greet the elder; the junior should be made [to greet]; he should ask about occupied [lodgings] and the resorts,
the sekha [families], the privies, the drinking and washing water, the walking-staff, the agreements established,
the [proper] time, [waiting] a moment; the litter; the removing of the ground-covering;
the bed-supports, the mattress and pillow, bed and bench and spittoon,
the bolster, the skylight, the corners; the red-ochre [walls], the blackened and the untreated [floors];
the rubbish; the ground-covering, the bed-supports, the bed,
the bench, mattress, sitting-cloth, spittoon, bolster;
bowl and robe, and the ground; the far edge outward, the fold inward;
the east and the west [winds], the north and then the south;
in cold and in heat, by day, by night; the compound and the gateway,
the attendance hall and the fire hall, and the duty regarding privies;
the drinking and washing water, and the pot for rinsing —
this duty for incoming [bhikkhus] was laid down by the Incomparable One.
Neither seat nor water, no going out to meet, and no drinking water;
he did not pay homage, did not prepare [a lodging]; and the well-behaved complained.
A seat for the elder, and water; having gone out to meet [him], drinking water;
the sandals, to one side; he should pay homage and should prepare [a lodging];
the occupied [lodgings], the resort, and the sekha [family], the place [of the privy], drinking water, food,
the walking-staff, the agreement, the time; for a junior, [instructing] while seated,
he should have him pay homage, should point [these] out — as in the foregoing, so the method should be applied.
This duty for residents was pointed out by the Caravan-Leader.
Those departing: the wooden and earthenware goods; having left [them] open, without asking [anyone to take charge];
they were lost and unguarded; and the well-behaved complained.
Having put away, having closed up, and having taken leave, he should depart —
[entrusting to] a bhikkhu or a novice, a monastery attendant, [or] a lay follower;
and a pile upon stones; he should store away and should close up;
if he is able, [he should make] the effort; likewise where the rain does not leak in;
if it leaks in [everywhere], to the village; likewise in an open space,
[thinking,] "Perhaps at least parts may remain" — this is the duty for a departing bhikkhu.
They did not give the blessing; by the elder; having left [him behind]; by four or five;
pressed by excrement, he was fainting — these are [the points] in the duties concerning the blessing (anumodana).
The group of six, badly dressed [in the lower robe] and also badly clad [in the upper],
without decorum, and pushing past; encroaching upon elders;
the new bhikkhus, and the outer robe (saṅghāṭi) [sat upon]; and the well-behaved complained.
Having dressed [covering] the three circles, the waistband on the body and the fastened [double robe];
not pushing past; covered; well restrained, with downcast eyes;
the lifted [robe], loud laughter, noise, and the three swayings [of body, arms, head];
arms akimbo, head covered, walking on the heels; covered, well restrained;
downcast, [not] lifted; loud laughter; low of voice; the three swayings;
akimbo, head covered, lolling [with clasped knees]; not encroaching upon a seat;
and having spread over(?), in the water, keeping [the vessel] low, he should pour;
[lest] the nearby [bhikkhus] and the saṅghāṭi [be splashed]; and on receiving the boiled rice,
curry with the condiments; and "equally for all";
attentively, and with attention on the bowl, and with curry in proportion, level [with the brim];
the elder should not eat so long as the rice has not reached [all];
attentively, and with attention on the bowl, and on uninterrupted course, and with [proportionate] curry;
not from the top; he should not cover over; with the thought of asking or of fault-finding;
a large [mouthful]; the rounded [morsel]; the door [of the mouth opened beforehand]; he should not put the whole hand [in the mouth], nor speak [with a mouthful];
tossing up, biting off, stuffing the cheek, shaking [the hand], scattering rice-grains,
and putting out the tongue; the capu-capu and suru-suru [sounds];
licking hand, bowl, and lips; receiving [the water vessel] with a hand soiled with food;
not until all [have finished]; and keeping [the bowl] low he should pour,
[lest] the nearby [bhikkhus] and the saṅghāṭi [be splashed]; keeping it low, on the ground;
[not] with rice-grains; when they return; well covered; [not] on the heels —
this conduct of the refectory was laid down by the King of Dhamma.
Badly dressed, without decorum, without observing, in haste;
too far, too near, too long, too quick; likewise [another] on almsround;
he should go covered, restrained, with downcast eyes;
the lifted [robe], loud laughter, noise, and the three swayings,
akimbo, head covered, on the heels; and having observed, not in haste;
far, near, long, quick; the seat, the ladle,
or whether she has set the vessel down; having raised [the outer robe] and holding [the bowl] forth;
while receiving he should not look at [the giver's face]; with the curries likewise;
the bhikkhu should cover [the bowl] with the saṅghāṭi, and should go covered,
restrained and with downcast eyes; and [without] lifted [robe] or loud laughter;
low of voice; the three swayings; akimbo, head covered, on the heels.
The first [to return]: the seat, the refuse[-vessel], the drinking water and washing water;
the later one, if he wishes, may eat; [or] he should throw it away, remove it;
he should put away, should sweep; the empty and void [vessel] he should set up [again];
by hand-gesture — he should not break [the silence]: this is the duty for those on almsround.
Drinking water and washing water, fire, fire-sticks, the constellations, the directions; robbers —
"There is nothing at all": having beaten [him]; thereupon the bowl in the shoulder-bag, the robe;
now having hung it on the shoulder; the three circles, [dressed] evenly all around;
as is the duty of one on almsround, so should it be applied among forest-dwellers too;
the bowl on the shoulder, the robe placed upon the head;
and drinking water, washing water, fire, and fire-sticks too, and the walking-staff;
the constellations, whether wholly or in part; and in the directions too he should be skilled.
This duty for forest-dwellers was laid down by the Supreme among Beings.
In the open air they were showered [with dust]; and the well-behaved complained.
If the dwelling is littered: first bowl and robe;
mattress and pillow, bed, and bench, and spittoon;
the bolster, the skylight, the corners; the ochre, the black, the untreated;
the rubbish; near to bhikkhus; the beds; near the dwelling and the drinking water
and the washing water; against the wind, and in an open space;
downwind; the covering, the bed-supports and bed,
the bench, mattress, sitting-cloth, spittoon, bolster;
bowl and robe, and the ground; the far edge outward, the fold inward;
the east and the west [winds], the north and then the south;
in cold and in heat, by day, by night; the compound and the gateway,
the attendance hall and the fire hall, the privy, and the drinking water,
the rinsing-pot; and with an elder [present]: recitation and interrogation,
study, Dhamma[-talk], and a lamp; he should neither open nor close [a window];
on whichever side the elder turns, he should not brush [him] even with the corner [of the robe].
The Great Hero laid down that duty regarding lodgings.
Being barred, the door; [the elder] fainting; the well-behaved complain.
He should throw out the ashes; the bathhouse (jantāghara), and likewise its surround,
the compound, the gateway, the hall; the chunam-powder, the clay-trough;
the face; in front; not [encroaching upon] elders; the new [bhikkhus]; if he is able;
in front; above; the way; the mud; the clay; the bench;
having extinguished and having closed up — these are the duties in bathhouses.
He did not rinse; according to seniority; and the order [of arrival]; in haste;
he hitched up [the robe entering]; groaning; the tooth-stick; excrement, urine, spittle;
rough [sticks]; the cesspit; in haste; he hitched up [coming out]; the capu-[sound]; the remainder;
outside and inside he should clear the throat; the [robe-]line; not hurrying;
hastily hitched up; standing [on the footrests]; he should not groan; the tooth-stick and excrement,
urine, spittle, rough [sticks], and the pit, and the privy footrests;
not too hastily; hitched up; on the footrests; the capu-capu [sound];
he should not leave [water] remaining; he should cover; the fouling, and with the vessel;
the privy, its surround, the compound and the gateway,
and water for rinsing — these are the duties in privies.
The sandals, the tooth-stick, and water for the face, the seat,
the rice-gruel; having washed with water; the taking up; the litter; the village;
the lower robe, the waistband, the double robe, the bowl with water;
afterwards the three circles, and evenness all around, the fastening,
the double robe; having washed; afterwards; not too far; while receiving;
an offence for one who is speaking; having come back first, the seat,
the water, the footstool, the foot-scraper; having gone out to meet; the lower robe;
he should dry [it] in the sun; he should [not] leave [it] out; the fold; in the fold [the waistband];
when [he wishes] to eat, he should offer; the drinking water, the water, [held] low;
for a moment, and he should not leave [it] out; bowl and robe, and the ground;
the far edge outward, the fold inward; he should take up and should put away;
and the litter; when [he wishes] to bathe: the cold, the hot; the bathhouse;
the chunam; the clay; from behind; the bench and the robe; the chunam,
the clay; if he is able: the face, in front; the elders, the new [bhikkhus], and [not];
and the attending; and going out; in front; in the water; having bathed;
having dressed; and [drying] the preceptor; the lower robe and the saṅghāṭi;
the bathhouse bench, or with the seat; the foot[-water], the footstool and the foot-scraper;
drinking water; recitation; questioning; the litter, if he is able, he should clean;
first bowl and robe; the sitting-cloth and coverlet,
and the mattresses and pillows; the bed, the bench, the supports,
the spittoon, the bolster; the ground-covering and the skylight;
the ochre, the black, the untreated; the ground-covering, the supports,
the bed, the bench, the pillow; the sitting-cloth-covering, the spittoon,
the bolster; bowl and robe; the east and the west,
the north and then the south; in cold and in heat, by day, by night;
the compound and the gateway, the attendance hall and the fire hall,
the privy, the drinking water, the washing water, the rinsing [water]; discontent,
remorse, [wrong] view, a grave [offence];
sending back to the beginning (mūla), probation (mānatta), rehabilitation (abbhāna); censure (tajjanīya), demotion (niyassa),
banishment (pabbājanīya), reconciliation (paṭisāraṇī), and suspension (ukkhepanīya), if imposed;
he should wash [the robe]; the dyeing to be done; he should dye, turning it over and over;
and the bowl and the robe too, and the requisites; the cutting [of hair];
the attending, the service; afterwards, entering for alms;
not to a charnel ground, nor to [distant] regions; as long as life lasts he should attend [him] —
these are the duties toward preceptors [to be observed] by a co-resident (saddhivihārika).
Exhortation, instruction, recitation, interrogation, the bowl and the robe,
the requisites, and when ill; he should not be [left] without an attendant-recluse walking behind (pacchāsamaṇa);
as many as [the duties] toward preceptors, so also toward teachers;
the duties toward a co-resident, likewise toward a pupil (antevāsika);
as many as concern incoming [bhikkhus], again also residents;
those departing, the blessings, in the refectory, those on almsround,
whatever is the duty among forest-dwellers, and whatever regarding lodgings,
in the bathhouse, the privies, the preceptor, the co-resident,
whatever is the duty toward teachers, likewise toward the pupil —
nineteen subjects, fourteen duties, in [this] Khandhaka.
One who does not fulfil the duties does not fulfil virtue;
one of impure virtue, of poor wisdom, does not find one-pointedness of mind (citta);
one whose mind is distracted, not one-pointed, does not rightly see the Dhamma;
not seeing the true Dhamma, one is not freed from suffering (dukkha).
One who fulfils the duties fulfils virtue as well;
one of purified virtue, possessed of wisdom, finds one-pointedness of mind too;
one whose mind is undistracted, one-pointed, rightly sees the Dhamma with insight;
clearly seeing the true Dhamma, he is freed from suffering.
Therefore let the discerning son of the Conqueror fulfil the duties —
the exhortation of the supreme Buddha — and thence he will come to Nibbāna.
THE KHANDHAKA ON THE SUSPENSION OF THE PĀTIMOKKHA (Pātimokkhaṭṭhapanakkhandhaka)
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.