[442] **Whence have quarrels and disputes arisen?** — "Quarrel (kalaha)": in one way, quarrel and dispute (vivāda) are the very same thing: whatever is a quarrel, that is a dispute; whatever is a dispute, that is a quarrel. Or else, in another way, "dispute" is spoken of thus: the preliminary stage of a quarrel is a dispute. Kings dispute with kings; khattiyas dispute with khattiyas; brahmins dispute with brahmins; householders dispute with householders; a mother disputes with her son; a son disputes with his mother; a father disputes with his son; a son disputes with his father; a brother disputes with a brother; a sister disputes with a sister; a brother disputes with a sister; a sister disputes with a brother; a friend disputes with a friend — this is dispute.
What is quarrel? Householders, intent upon one another's faults, make quarrel by body and by speech; those gone forth, committing offenses, make quarrel by body and by speech — this is quarrel.
"Whence have quarrels and disputes arisen?": From what have quarrels and disputes arisen, from what born, from what produced, from what generated, from what brought forth, from what made manifest? Having what as their source (nidāna), what as their origin, what as their birth, what as their provenance? — He asks the root of quarrel and of dispute, asks the cause, asks the source, asks the origination, asks the provenance, asks the arising, asks the nutriment (āhāra), asks the object (ārammaṇa), asks the condition (paccaya), asks the origin; he asks, inquires, begs, requests, and invites [him to declare it]. Hence: "Whence have quarrels and disputes arisen?"
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.