[145] **Peaceful, smokeless, untroubled, without longing, he has crossed over birth and aging, I say (santo vidhūmo anigho nirāso atāri so jātijaranti brūmi):**
**Peaceful (santo):** Because lust is stilled, he is peaceful; because hatred is stilled, peaceful; because delusion is stilled, peaceful. Because anger (kodha), resentment (upanāha), denigration (makkha), domineering (paḷāsa), envy (issā), avarice (macchariya), deceit (māyā), hypocrisy (sāṭheyya), obstinacy (thambha), contentiousness (sārambha), conceit (māna), excessive conceit (atimāna), vanity (mada), heedlessness (pamāda), all defilements, all misconduct, all distress, all fevers, all torments, all unwholesome volitional formations are stilled, quieted, calmed, extinguished, quenched, dispelled, and tranquilized, he is peaceful, at peace, calmed, quenched, tranquilized — thus he is "peaceful."
**Smokeless (vidhūmo):** Bodily misconduct has been smoked out, dispelled, dried up, done away with; verbal misconduct and mental misconduct have been smoked out, dispelled, dried up, done away with. Lust has been smoked out, dispelled, dried up, done away with; hatred, delusion, anger, resentment, denigration, domineering, envy, avarice, deceit, hypocrisy, obstinacy, contentiousness, conceit, excessive conceit, vanity, heedlessness have been smoked out, dispelled, dried up, done away with; all defilements, all misconduct, all distress, all fevers, all torments, all unwholesome volitional formations have been smoked out, dispelled, dried up, done away with.
Moreover, anger is called "smoke":
For conceit, brahmin, is your shoulder-load;
anger the smoke, false speech the ashes;
the tongue is the sacrificial ladle, the hearth of the flame is his who is intent thereon;
the self well tamed is the birth of a man.
Moreover, anger arises in ten ways. Anger arises [with the thought]: "He has done me harm"; anger arises: "He is doing me harm"; anger arises: "He will do me harm." Anger arises: "He has done harm — is doing harm — will do harm to one who is dear and agreeable to me." Anger arises: "He has done good — is doing good — will do good to one who is not dear and not agreeable to me." Or else anger arises groundlessly. Whatever of such a kind is vexation of mind (citta), repugnance, hostility, antagonism, irritation, indignation, thorough indignation, hate, spite, thorough spite, malevolence of mind, mental hatred, anger, being angry, the state of being angry, hating, the act of hating, the state of hating, ill will, the act of ill will, the state of ill will, opposition, counter-opposition, ferocity, churlishness, displeasure of mind — this is called anger.
Moreover, the greater or lesser intensity of anger should be understood. There is a time when anger is merely a clouding of the mind, but does not yet reach grimacing and contortion of the face. There is a time when anger is merely grimacing and contortion of the face, but does not yet reach quivering of the jaw. There is a time when anger is merely quivering of the jaw, but does not yet reach the uttering of harsh speech. There is a time when anger is merely the uttering of harsh speech, but does not yet reach glaring about in the quarters and intermediate quarters. There is a time when anger is merely glaring about in the quarters and intermediate quarters, but does not yet reach the grasping of stick and weapon. There is a time when anger is merely the grasping of stick and weapon, but does not yet reach the brandishing of stick and weapon. There is a time when anger is merely the brandishing of stick and weapon, but does not yet reach the bringing down of stick and weapon. There is a time when anger is merely the bringing down of stick and weapon, but does not yet reach the inflicting of cuts and gashes. There is a time when anger is merely the inflicting of cuts and gashes, but does not yet reach breaking and shattering. There is a time when anger is merely breaking and shattering, but does not yet reach the tearing of limb from limb. There is a time when anger is merely the tearing of limb from limb, but does not yet reach the destruction of life. There is a time when anger is merely the destruction of life, but is not yet established in the total giving up and relinquishment of all. When anger, having caused one to slay another person, causes one to slay oneself, to that extent anger has reached its utmost intensity, attained its supreme abundance. He for whom this anger is abandoned, cut off, calmed, tranquilized, made incapable of arising again, burnt up by the fire of knowledge (ñāṇa), is called "smokeless." Because anger is abandoned, he is smokeless; because the ground of anger is fully understood, he is smokeless; because the cause of anger is cut off, he is smokeless — thus "smokeless."
**Untroubled (anigho):** Lust is an affliction (nīgha), hatred is an affliction, delusion is an affliction, anger is an affliction, resentment is an affliction … all unwholesome volitional formations are afflictions. He for whom these afflictions are abandoned, cut off, calmed, tranquilized, made incapable of arising again, burnt up by the fire of knowledge, is called "untroubled."
**Without longing (nirāso):** Longing (āsā) is a term for craving (taṇhā): whatever lust, passion … covetousness, greed, an unwholesome root. He for whom this longing, this craving, is abandoned, cut off, calmed, tranquilized, made incapable of arising again, burnt up by the fire of knowledge, is called "without longing."
**Birth (jāti):** The birth of those various beings in the various orders of beings, their being born, their descent [into the womb], their production, their coming forth, the manifestation of the aggregates (khandha), the obtaining of the sense bases (āyatana).
**Aging (jarā):** The aging of those various beings in the various orders of beings, their growing old, brokenness of teeth, greyness of hair, wrinkling of skin, the decline of vitality, the decay of the faculties.
**Peaceful, smokeless, untroubled, without longing, he has crossed over birth and aging, I say:** he who is peaceful, smokeless, untroubled, and without longing — he has crossed over, crossed beyond, passed over, transcended, and gone past birth, aging, and death — this I say, declare, teach, make known, establish, disclose, analyze, elucidate, and proclaim. Thus: "Peaceful, smokeless, untroubled, without longing, he has crossed over birth and aging, I say."
Therefore the Blessed One said:
"Having comprehended the far and the near in the world (Puṇṇaka," said the Blessed One,)
"he for whom there is no perturbation anywhere in the world —
peaceful, smokeless, untroubled, without longing —
he has crossed over birth and aging, I say."
Together with the conclusion of the verse … he sat paying homage to the Blessed One with hands raised in reverential salutation: "The Blessed One, venerable sir, is my teacher; I am his disciple."
The Exposition of the Question of the Young Man Puṇṇaka, the Third, is concluded.
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The Exposition of the Question of the Young Man Mettagū
English translation from the Pali (Siam Raṭṭha edition) — under review, not for citation.